A&P 1 chapter 8 study guide Essay Example for Free

AP 1 chapter 8 study guide Essay1)What is a vocalize?Functional junctions between study2)How are vocalises classified?Structurally fibrous, cartilaginous, synovialFunctionally immovable, slightly moveable, freely moveable3)Describe the 3 types of fibrous joints.Syndemosis sheet or bundle of dense connective tissueSutures and between flat prinks of skullGomphosis binds teeth to bony sockets4)What is the function of the fontanels?Allows the skull to slightly change which allows the infant to surpass through the birth canal more easily.5)Describe two types of cartilaginous joints.Synchondrosis bands of hyaline unite the bonesSymphysis bones are covered by a thin layer of hyaline gristle, and the cartilage is attached to a springy fibrocartilage. 6)What is the function of an intervertebral disc?They absorb shocks and help equalize pressure between the vertebrae when the bole moves 7)Describe the mental synthesis of a synovial joint.Two bones are held together by a joint caps ule composed of two layers. Ligaments help reinforce the capsule. The cavity between the bones are modify with a viscous fluid called synovial fluid. 8)What is the function of the synovial joint?Allow free movements9)Name sestet types of synovial joints and describe the structure of each. Ball + Socket globular influence head articulates with a cup shaped cavity Condylar Ovoid condyle of one bone fits into the elliptical cavity of another Plane/seafaring nearly flat or slightly curvedHinge convex surface of one bone fits into cupulate surface of another Pivot the cylindrical surface of one bone fits rotates in a ring formed of a bone and a ligament. Saddle articulating surfaces have both convex and concave surfaces. 10)Define the following movements and give an example.Flexion-bgoaling come a take leaves, angle decreases, split come closerExtension-moving parts, angle increses, parts move farther away Hyperextension-extension beyond anatomical positionDorsiflexion-movement at the ankle that brings the foot closer to the shin plantar flexion-moves the foot farther from the shinAbduction-moving part away from the midline, raising the arm Adduction-moving part toward the midlineRotation-moving part around on an axisCircumduction-moving a part so the end follows a circular lane Supination-rotation of forearm so the palm is upwardPronation-rotation of forearm so the palm is downwardEversion-turning the foot so plantar surface is facing laterally Inversion-turning the foot so the plantar surface is facing medially Protraction-moving a part forwardRetraction-moving a part backwardElevation-raising a partDepression-lowering a part11)Describe how a movement occurs at a joint when a muscle contracts. The fibers pull the moveable end (insertion) towards its fixed end (origin) 12)What part helps to keep together the articulating surfaces of the shoulder joint? Coracohumeral ligamentGlenohumeral ligamentTransverse humeral ligament13)What factors allow an particula rly wide seethe of motion in the shoulder? The looseness of its attachmentsLarge articular surface of the humerus compared to the shoal depth of the glenoid cavity 14)What structures form the flexible joint joint of the elbow?Trochlea of the humerus and the trochlear notch of the ulna15)Which parts of the elbow permit pronation and supination of the hand? The head of the radius16)Which structures help keep the articulating surfaces of the hip together? Iliofemoral ligamentPubofemoral ligamentIschiofemoral ligament17)What types of movements does the structure of the hip permit? FlexionExtensionAdductionAbductionRotationCicumduction18)What types of joints are in the knee?Modified hinge jointPlane joint19)Which parts help hold together the articulating surfaces of the knee? Patellar ligament catacorner popliteal ligamentArcuate popliteal ligamentTibial collateral ligamentFibular collateral ligament20) Describe the following joint disorders. twist -over streching or tearing the conne ctive tissuesBursitis-overuse of a joint or stress on a bursa flea-bitten Arthritis (RA)- immune system attacks body healthy tissues. Synovial membrane becomes inflamed and thickens. Then articular cartilage is damaged, fibrous tissue infiltrates and interferes with joint movement. Osteoarthritis-articular cartilage softens and disintegrates gradually Lyme Arthritis-casues intermittent arthritis of several joints 20)Which type of joint is the original to show signs of aging? Fibrous21)Describe the loss of function in synovial joints as a modern progress (while aging). Begin in 30s but progresses slowlyFewer capillaries serving synovial membrane slows circulation of synovial fluid resulting in a possibility of stiffening More collagen cross-links shorten and stiffen ligaments affecting range of motion